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Zasady obliczania kalendarza żydowskiego
Kalendarz żydowski lub hebrajski kalendarz lunarny (obecnie solarno-lunarny), używany przez plemiona semickie od czasów przedhistorycznych. Ostateczną postać nadał mu w roku 359 Sanhedryn pod przewodnictwem Hillela II. Długość roku zwykłego może wynosić 354, 355 lub 356 dni. Długość roku przestępnego może wynosić 383, 384 lub 385 dni. Są to lata odpowiednio: ułomne, zwykłe i pełne. W roku ułomnym cheszwan ma jeden dzień mniej. W roku pełnym kislew ma jeden dzień więcej. W kalendarzu żydowskim rachuba lat zaczyna się od dnia stworzenia świata, które wg ustaleń żydowskich autorytetów religijnych nastąpiło 7 października 3761 p.n.e., stąd np. w roku 2014 trwa żydowski rok 5774/5775. Rok religijny rozpoczyna się z kolei wiosną 1 dnia miesiąca nisan (marzec/kwiecień). Rok hebrajski dzieli się na 12 miesięcy liczących 29 lub 30 dni, ponadto co trzy, rzadziej co dwa lata, dla zrównania cyklu solarnego z lunarnym dodawany jest dodatkowy, trzynasty miesiąc zwany adar bet, adar szeni (adar II) lub weadar mający 29 dni. Drugi adar dodawany jest w ramach 19-letniego okresu (cykl Metona), obejmującego następujące po sobie lata, a dodawany jest zawsze do 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17 i 19 roku tego okresu. Nazwy miesięcy wywodzą się z tradycji babilońskiej. Poszczególne miesiące rozpoczynają się od nowiu księżycowego (Rosz chodesz). (http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarz_żydowski)