Informatyka
Delisle
phpmyAdmin is one of the most widely used open source applications, which is written in PHP. phpMyAdmin supports a wide range of operations with MySQL. Currently, it can create and drop databases, create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement, manage keys on fields, manage privileges, export data into various formats and is available in 52 languages.phpMyAdmin is a web-based front-end to manage MySQL databases and has been adopted by a number of Open-Source distributors.Mastering phpMyAdmin 3.4 for Effective MySQL Management is an easy-to-read, step-by-step practical guide that walks you through every facet of this legendary toolóphpMyAdminóand takes you a step ahead in taking full advantage of its potential. This book is filled with illustrative examples that will help you understand every phpMyAdmin feature in detail.This is the official guide to this popular MySQL web interface. It starts with installing and configuring phpMyAdmin, including the phpMyAdmin Configuration Storage, which is the key to its advanced features. This is followed by configuring authentication in phpMyAdmin and setting parameters that influence the interface as a whole.You will also learn some advanced features such as defining inter-table relations with the advanced Designer module. You will practice synchronizing databases on different servers and managing MySQL replication to improve performance and data security. Moreover, you will also store queries as bookmarks for their quick retrieval.In addition to it, this book helps you to learn new features introduced in version 3.4.x such as users' preferences, producing charts and the visual multi-table query builder.
Marc Delisle, Marc Delisle Project
phpMyAdmin Providing a powerful graphical interface for managing MySQL, phpMyAdmin is one of the most popular open source applications. While most MySQL developers use the routine features of phpMyAdmin every day, few are aware of the power and potential of its advanced features. This book builds a solid understanding of the core capabilities of phpMyAdmin before walking you through every facet of this legendary tool.MySQLUsed by millions of developers, MySQL is the most popular open source database, supporting numerous large dynamic websites and applications. MySQL has acquired this wide popularity by virtue of its open source nature, performance, reliability, robustness, and support for various platforms. However, this popularity has also been helped by the existence of phpMyAdmin, the industry-standard administration tool that makes database management easy for both the experienced developer and the novice. The powerful graphical interface that it provides to MySQL has made phpMyAdmin an indispensable tool for MySQL and web developers. Every phpMyAdmin user can benefit from unlocking the full potential of this powerful application.
Shiti Saxena
This book is intended for those developers who are keen to master the internal workings of Play Framework to effectively build and deploy web-related apps.
Mastering PLC Programming. The software engineering survival guide to automation programming
M. T. White
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a new feature of PLC programming that has taken the automation world by storm. This book provides you with the necessary skills to succeed in the modern automation programming environment.The book is designed in a way to take you through advanced topics such as OOP design, SOLID programming, the software development lifecycle (SDLC), library design, HMI development, general software engineering practices, and more. To hone your programming skills, each chapter has a simulated real-world project that’ll enable you to apply the skills you’ve learned. In all, this book not only covers complex PLC programming topics, but it also removes the financial barrier that comes with most books as all examples utilize free software. This means that to follow along, you DO NOT need to purchase any PLC hardware or software.By the end of this PLC book, you will have what it takes to create long-lasting codebases for any modern automation project.
M. T. White
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a game-changing addition to PLC programming that’s revolutionizing the automation industry. This book equips you with the necessary skills to succeed in the modern automation programming environment.This second edition is designed to systematically guide you through advanced topics such as OOP design, SOLID programming, the software development life cycle (SDLC), library design, version control, HMI development, general software engineering practices, and more. To hone your programming skills, each chapter has a simulated real-world project that'll enable you to apply the skills you've learned. In all, this book not only covers complex PLC programming topics but also removes the financial barrier that comes with most books, as all examples utilize free software. This means that to follow along, you do not need to purchase any PLC hardware or software.By the end of this PLC book, you’ll have what it takes to create long-lasting codebases for any modern automation project.*Email sign-up and proof of purchase required
Alex Libby
PostCSS is a tool that has quickly emerged as the future of existing preprocessors such as SASS and Less, mainly because of its power, speed, and ease of use. This comprehensive guide offers in-depth guidance on incorporating cutting-edge styles into your web page and at the same time maintaining the performance and maintainability of your code. The book will show how you can take advantage of PostCSS to simplify the entire process of stylesheet authoring. It covers various techniques to add dynamic and modern styling features to your web pages. As the book progresses, you will learn how to make CSS code more maintainable by taking advantage of the modular architecture of PostCSS. By the end of this book, you would have mastered the art of adding modern CSS effects to web pages by authoring high performing, maintainable stylesheets.
Mastering PostGIS. Modern ways to create, analyze, and implement spatial data
Dominik Mikiewicz, Michal Mackiewicz , Tomasz Nycz
PostGIS is open source extension onf PostgreSQL object-relational database system that allows GIS objects to be stored and allows querying for information and location services. The aim of this book is to help you master the functionalities offered by PostGIS- from data creation, analysis and output, to ETL and live edits.The book begins with an overview of the key concepts related to spatial database systems and how it applies to Spatial RMDS. You will learn to load different formats into your Postgres instance, investigate the spatial nature of your raster data, and finally export it using built-in functionalities or 3th party tools for backup or representational purposes. Through the course of this book, you will be presented with many examples on how to interact with the database using JavaScript and Node.js. Sample web-based applications interacting with backend PostGIS will also be presented throughout the book, so you can get comfortable with the modern ways of consuming and modifying your spatial data.
Mastering PostgreSQL 10. Expert techniques on PostgreSQL 10 development and administration
Hans-Jürgen Schönig
PostgreSQL is an open source database used for handling large datasets (big data) and as a JSON document database. This book highlights the newly introduced features in PostgreSQL 10, and shows you how you can build better PostgreSQL applications, and administer your PostgreSQL database more efficiently. We begin by explaining advanced database design concepts in PostgreSQL 10, along with indexing and query optimization. You will also see how to work with event triggers and perform concurrent transactions and table partitioning, along with exploring SQL and server tuning. We will walk you through implementing advanced administrative tasks such as server maintenance and monitoring, replication, recovery, high availability, and much more. You will understand common and not-so-common troubleshooting problems and how you can overcome them. By the end of this book, you will have an expert-level command of advanced database functionalities and will be able to implement advanced administrative tasks with PostgreSQL 10.
Hans-Jürgen Schönig
This second edition of Mastering PostgreSQL 11 helps you build dynamic database solutions for enterprise applications using the latest release of PostgreSQL, which enables database analysts to design both the physical and technical aspects of the system architecture with ease.This book begins with an introduction to the newly released features in PostgreSQL 11 to help you build efficient and fault-tolerant PostgreSQL applications. You’ll examine all of the advanced aspects of PostgreSQL in detail, including logical replication, database clusters, performance tuning, monitoring, and user management. You will also work with the PostgreSQL optimizer, configuring PostgreSQL for high speed, and see how to move from Oracle to PostgreSQL. As you progress through the chapters, you will cover transactions, locking, indexes, and optimizing queries to improve performance. Additionally, you’ll learn to manage network security and explore backups and replications, while understanding the useful extensions of PostgreSQL so that you can optimize the speed and performance of large databases. By the end of this book, you will be able to use your database to its utmost capacity by implementing advanced administrative tasks with ease.
Hans-Jürgen Schönig
Starting with an introduction to the newly released features of PostgreSQL 15, this updated fifth edition will help you get to grips with PostgreSQL administration and how to build dynamic database solutions for enterprise apps, including designing both physical and technical aspects of the system.You'll explore advanced PostgreSQL features, such as logical replication, database clusters, advanced indexing, and user management to manage and maintain your database. You'll then work with the PostgreSQL optimizer, configure PostgreSQL for high speed, and move from Oracle to PostgreSQL. Among the other skills that the book will help you build, you’ll cover transactions, handling recursions, working with JSON and JSONB data, and setting up a Patroni cluster. It will show you how to improve performance with query optimization. You'll also focus on managing network security and work with backups and replication while exploring useful PostgreSQL extensions that optimize the performance of large databases.By the end of this PostgreSQL book, you’ll be able to use your database to its utmost capacity by implementing advanced administrative tasks with ease.
Hans-Jürgen Schönig
Starting with new features introduced in PostgreSQL 17, the sixth edition of this book provides comprehensive insights into advanced database management, helping you elevate your PostgreSQL skills to an expert level. Written by Hans-Jürgen Schönig, a PostgreSQL expert with over 25 years of experience and the CEO of CYBERTEC PostgreSQL International GmbH, this guide distills real-world expertise from supporting countless global customers. It guides you through crucial aspects of professional database management, including performance tuning, replication, indexing, and security strategies.You’ll learn how to handle complex queries, optimize execution plans, and enhance user interactions with advanced SQL features such as window functions and JSON support. Hans equips you with practical approaches for managing database locks, transactions, and stored procedures to ensure peak performance. With real-world examples and expert solutions, you'll also explore replication techniques for high availability, along with troubleshooting methods to detect and resolve bottlenecks, preparing you to tackle everyday challenges in database administration.By the end of the book, you'll be ready to deploy, secure, and maintain PostgreSQL databases efficiently in production environments.
Mastering PostgreSQL 9.6. A comprehensive guide for PostgreSQL 9.6 developers and administrators
Hans-Jürgen Schönig
PostgreSQL is an open source database used for handling large datasets (Big Data) and as a JSON document database. It also has applications in the software and web domains. This book will enable you to build better PostgreSQL applications and administer databases more efficiently.We begin by explaining the advanced database design concepts in PostgreSQL 9.6, along with indexing and query optimization. You will also see how to work with event triggers and perform concurrent transactions and table partitioning, along with exploring SQL and server tuning. We will walk you through implementing advanced administrative tasks such as server maintenance and monitoring, replication, recovery and high availability, and much more. You will understand the common and not-so-common troubleshooting problems and how you can overcome them.By the end of this book, you will have an expert-level command of the advanced database functionalities and will be able to implement advanced administrative tasks with PostgreSQL.
Mastering PowerCLI. Master PowerCLI to automate all aspects of VMware environments
Sajal Debnath
Have you ever wished that every morning you could automatically get a report with all the relevant information about your datacenter in exactly the same format you want? Or whether you could automate that boring, exhausting task? What if some crucial task needs to be performed on a regular basis without any error? PowerCLI scripts do all that and much more for VMware environments. It is built on top of the popular Windows PowerShell, with which you can automate server tasks and reduce manual input, allowing you to focus on more important tasks.This book will help you to achieve your goals by starting with a short refresher on PowerShell and PowerCLI and then covering the nuances of advanced functions and reusable scripts. Next you will learn how to build a vSphere-powered virtualized datacenter using PowerCLI while managing different aspects of the environment including automated installation, network, and storage. You will then manage different logical constructs of vSphere environment and different aspects of a virtual machine. Later, you will implement the best practices for a security implementation in vSphere Environment through PowerCLI before discovering how to manage other VMware environments such as SRM, vCloud Director and vCloud Air through PowerCLI. You will also learn to manage vSphere environments using advanced properties by accessing vSphere API and REST APIs through PowerCLI. Finally, you will build a Windows GUI application using PowerShell followed by a couple of sample scripts for reporting and managing vSphere environments with detailed explanations of the scripts. By the end of the book, you will have the required in-depth knowledge to master the art of PowerCLI scripting.
Chris Dent
Mastering PowerShell Scripting, Fifth Edition, is your comprehensive guide to harnessing PowerShell’s full potential. This edition introduces new chapters on debugging, troubleshooting, and creating GUIs while covering the latest enhancements in PowerShell 7.3, including parameters, objects, and .NET classes.The book takes you from foundational concepts to advanced techniques, covering asynchronous processing, desired state configuration, and managing large datasets. You'll explore PowerShell’s automation features, error-handling strategies, and integration with external services. Additionally, this guide provides practical insights into working with regular expressions, Windows Management Instrumentation, and complex scripting methods.By the end of this book, you’ll have the skills to efficiently automate tasks, troubleshoot scripts, and leverage PowerShell’s advanced capabilities for real-world scenarios.Be sure to explore the online bonus chapters 8, 9, and 20, where we dive into Strings, Numbers, and Dates, Regular Expressions, and Building Modules.
Russell Anderson-Williams
Prezi is a tool for delivering presentations in a linear or non-linear format. This cloud-based software enables users to structure presentations on an infinite canvass in a way that is much more engaging and visually stimulating to the audience.Mastering Prezi for Business Presentations is a must read for anyone already using Prezi who wants to take their presentations to the next level. It covers all of the technical elements of the software, whilst also looking at the practicalities of using Prezi in a business environment.This book covers all the technical elements of Prezi and also teaches the reader how to think for Prezi, and approach their design in the best way. This is an essential resource for people who want to use Prezi seriously.As well as covering best practices for inserting imagery, sound, and video, this book also covers topics for business users like collaborating and sharing Prezis online, using Prezi at a meeting to brain storm with overseas colleagues, and how to 'Prezify' PowerPoint or Keynote slides.Mastering Prezi for Business Presentations will escalate you from Prezi user to master with ease.
Russell Anderson-Williams, John J Sylvia IV
If you use Prezi in business and want to take your presentations to the next level, or if you want to become the office Prezi master, this book is for you.
Edward Unger, Ryan Coyne
Do you want to start a business or turn a hobby into a profession, but feel like you're running out of time? Do you want to become a productivity powerhouse, effectively juggling personal and professional responsibilities? Does your team need help boosting efficiency? This comprehensive guide provides practical strategies and action plans to optimize your work and home life using ClickUp.Achieve project success by setting meaningful KPIs, creating team dashboards, generating real-time reports, and extending ClickUp with integrations. You’ll learn how to implement and optimize your workspace structure, project management, processes, workflows, automation, AI, and how to use ClickUp Brain as a knowledgebase. This book also helps you master ClickUp for home life by using it to manage personal tasks, plan vacations, collaborate on projects, maintain interactive inventory, and track household chores. Finally, you'll explore advanced features, goal setting, and personal approaches to maximize your leverage of ClickUp as your 'accomplishment system.Whether you're a seasoned user or just getting started, this ClickUp handbook provides best practices and highlights common mistakes for implementing and optimizing ClickUp to unlock its potential and achieve your goals.
William Hegedus
With growing focus on observability and reliability, establishing a scalable and reliable monitoring environment is more important than ever. Over the last decade, Prometheus has emerged as the leading open-source, time-series based monitoring software catering to this demand. Written by an open-source advocate and Prometheus contributor, this guide provides an in-depth look at Prometheus, covering best practices and offering insights into scaling, operating, and extending Prometheus, from small on-premises workloads to multi-cloud, globally distributed environments.The book helps you revisit the basics of Prometheus, before moving on to advanced techniques of observability and monitoring using Prometheus. You’ll find out how to deploy Prometheus on Kubernetes and achieve an HA alerting infrastructure in Prometheus. You’ll also learn to leverage Prometheus in your daily operations through alerts, Grafana dashboards, and building your own exporter. Finally, you’ll explore various open-source projects that extend the functionality of Prometheus, help with various aspects of running Prometheus at scale, and make the most of Prometheus data.By the end of this book, you’ll be able to confidently build, automate, and deliver your infrastructure and CI/CD pipelines in cloud-based applications.
William Hegedus
With growing focus on observability and reliability, establishing a scalable and reliable monitoring environment is more important than ever. Over the last decade, Prometheus has emerged as the leading open-source, time-series based monitoring software catering to this demand. Written by an open-source advocate and Prometheus contributor, this guide provides an in-depth look at Prometheus, covering best practices and offering insights into scaling, operating, and extending Prometheus, from small on-premises workloads to multi-cloud, globally distributed environments.The book helps you revisit the basics of Prometheus, before moving on to advanced techniques of observability and monitoring using Prometheus. You’ll find out how to deploy Prometheus on Kubernetes and achieve an HA alerting infrastructure in Prometheus. You’ll also learn to leverage Prometheus in your daily operations through alerts, Grafana dashboards, and building your own exporter. Finally, you’ll explore various open-source projects that extend the functionality of Prometheus, help with various aspects of running Prometheus at scale, and make the most of Prometheus data.By the end of this book, you’ll be able to confidently build, automate, and deliver your infrastructure and CI/CD pipelines in cloud-based applications.
William Hegedus
With growing focus on observability and reliability, establishing a scalable and reliable monitoring environment is more important than ever. Over the last decade, Prometheus has emerged as the leading open-source, time-series based monitoring software catering to this demand. Written by an open-source advocate and Prometheus contributor, this guide provides an in-depth look at Prometheus, covering best practices and offering insights into scaling, operating, and extending Prometheus, from small on-premises workloads to multi-cloud, globally distributed environments.The book helps you revisit the basics of Prometheus, before moving on to advanced techniques of observability and monitoring using Prometheus. You’ll find out how to deploy Prometheus on Kubernetes and achieve an HA alerting infrastructure in Prometheus. You’ll also learn to leverage Prometheus in your daily operations through alerts, Grafana dashboards, and building your own exporter. Finally, you’ll explore various open-source projects that extend the functionality of Prometheus, help with various aspects of running Prometheus at scale, and make the most of Prometheus data.By the end of this book, you’ll be able to confidently build, automate, and deliver your infrastructure and CI/CD pipelines in cloud-based applications.
Mastering Proxmox. Build virtualized environments using the Proxmox VE hypervisor - Third Edition
Wasim Ahmed
Proxmox is an open source server virtualization solution that has enterprise-class features for managing virtual machines, for storage, and to virtualize both Linux and Windows application workloads.You'll begin with a refresher on the advanced installation features and the Proxmox GUI to familiarize yourself with the Proxmox VE hypervisor. Then, you'll move on to explore Proxmox under the hood, focusing on storage systems, such as Ceph, used with Proxmox. Moving on, you'll learn to manage KVM virtual machines, deploy Linux containers fast, and see how networking is handled in Proxmox. You'll also learn how to protect a cluster or a VM with a firewall and explore the new high availability features introduced in Proxmox VE 5.0. Next, you'll dive deeper into the backup/restore strategy and see how to properly update and upgrade a Proxmox node. Later, you'll learn how to monitor a Proxmox cluster and all of its components using Zabbix. Finally, you'll discover how to recover Promox from disaster strikes through some real-world examples. By the end of the book, you'll be an expert at making Proxmox work in production environments with minimal downtime.
Mastering Proxmox. Build virtualized environments using the Proxmox VE hypervisor - Third Edition
Wasim Ahmed
Proxmox is an open source server virtualization solution that has enterprise-class features for managing virtual machines, for storage, and to virtualize both Linux and Windows application workloads.You'll begin with a refresher on the advanced installation features and the Proxmox GUI to familiarize yourself with the Proxmox VE hypervisor. Then, you'll move on to explore Proxmox under the hood, focusing on storage systems, such as Ceph, used with Proxmox. Moving on, you'll learn to manage KVM virtual machines, deploy Linux containers fast, and see how networking is handled in Proxmox. You'll also learn how to protect a cluster or a VM with a firewall and explore the new high availability features introduced in Proxmox VE 5.0. Next, you'll dive deeper into the backup/restore strategy and see how to properly update and upgrade a Proxmox node. Later, you'll learn how to monitor a Proxmox cluster and all of its components using Zabbix. Finally, you'll discover how to recover Promox from disaster strikes through some real-world examples. By the end of the book, you'll be an expert at making Proxmox work in production environments with minimal downtime.
Wasim Ahmed
This is not an instructional guide, but a practical, scenario-based book which guides you through everything you need to know in a practical manner by letting you build your own cluster. By the end of the book, you will have a fully functional Proxmox cluster setup at your disposal and have the knowledge to replicate virtualization solutions .If you already know what the word virtualization means and you are ready to stand out from the crowd equipped with the unique ability to design and implement a rock-solid virtualized network environment using Proxmox, then you have just picked up the only book you will need. Linux system administration experience together with knowledge of networking and virtualization concepts is assumed. This book is also useful if you are already using Proxmox and simply want to master its advanced features.
Wasim Ahmed
Proxmox is an open source server virtualization solution that has enterprise-class features to manage virtual machines, to be used for storage, and to virtualize both Linux and Windows application workloads.You begin with refresher on the advanced installation features and the Proxmox GUI to familiarize yourself with the Proxmox VE hypervisor. You then move on to explore Proxmox under the hood, focusing on the storage systems used with Proxmox. Moving on, you will learn to manage KVM Virtual Machines and Linux Containers and see how networking is handled in Proxmox. You will then learn how to protect a cluster or a VM with a firewall and explore the new HA features introduced in Proxmox VE 4 along with the brand new HA simulator. Next, you will dive deeper into the backup/restore strategy followed by learning how to properly update and upgrade a Proxmox node. Later, you will learn how to monitor a Proxmox cluster and all of its components using Zabbix. By the end of the book, you will become an expert at making Proxmox environments work in production environments with minimum downtime.
Mastering Puppet 5. Optimize enterprise-grade environment performance with Puppet
Ryan Russell-Yates, Jason Southgate
Puppet is a configuration management system and a language written for and by system administrators to manage a large number of systems efficiently and prevent configuration drift.The core topics this book addresses are Puppet's latest features and mastering Puppet Enterprise. You will begin by writing a new Puppet module, gaining an understanding of the guidelines and style of the Puppet community. Following on from this, you will take advantage of the roles and profiles pattern, and you will learn how to structure your code. Next, you will learn how to extend Puppet and write custom facts, functions, types, and providers in Ruby, and also use the new features of Hiera 5. You will also learn how to configure the new Code Manager component, and how to ensure code is automatically deployed to (multiple) Puppet servers. Next, you will learn how to integrate Puppet with Jenkins and Git to build an effective workflow for multiple teams, and use the new Puppet Tasks feature and the latest Puppet Orchestrator language extensions. Finally, you will learn how to scale and troubleshoot Puppet.By the end of the book, you will be able to deal with problems of scale and exceptions in your code, automate workflows, and support multiple developers working simultaneously.
Mastering Puppet 5. Optimize enterprise-grade environment performance with Puppet
Ryan Russell-Yates, Jason Southgate
Puppet is a configuration management system and a language written for and by system administrators to manage a large number of systems efficiently and prevent configuration drift.The core topics this book addresses are Puppet's latest features and mastering Puppet Enterprise. You will begin by writing a new Puppet module, gaining an understanding of the guidelines and style of the Puppet community. Following on from this, you will take advantage of the roles and profiles pattern, and you will learn how to structure your code. Next, you will learn how to extend Puppet and write custom facts, functions, types, and providers in Ruby, and also use the new features of Hiera 5. You will also learn how to configure the new Code Manager component, and how to ensure code is automatically deployed to (multiple) Puppet servers. Next, you will learn how to integrate Puppet with Jenkins and Git to build an effective workflow for multiple teams, and use the new Puppet Tasks feature and the latest Puppet Orchestrator language extensions. Finally, you will learn how to scale and troubleshoot Puppet.By the end of the book, you will be able to deal with problems of scale and exceptions in your code, automate workflows, and support multiple developers working simultaneously.
Magnus Vilhelm Persson, Luiz Felipe Martins
Python, a multi-paradigm programming language, has become the language of choice for data scientists for data analysis, visualization, and machine learning. Ever imagined how to become an expert at effectively approaching data analysis problems, solving them, and extracting all of the available information from your data? Well, look no further, this is the book you want!Through this comprehensive guide, you will explore data and present results and conclusions from statistical analysis in a meaningful way. You’ll be able to quickly and accurately perform the hands-on sorting, reduction, and subsequent analysis, and fully appreciate how data analysis methods can support business decision-making.You’ll start off by learning about the tools available for data analysis in Python and will then explore the statistical models that are used to identify patterns in data. Gradually, you’ll move on to review statistical inference using Python, Pandas, and SciPy. After that, we’ll focus on performing regression using computational tools and you’ll get to understand the problem of identifying clusters in data in an algorithmic way. Finally, we delve into advanced techniques to quantify cause and effect using Bayesian methods and you’ll discover how to use Python’s tools for supervised machine learning.
Kamon Ayeva, Sakis Kasampalis
As software systems become increasingly complex, maintaining code quality, scalability, and efficiency can be a daunting challenge. Mastering Python Design Patterns is an essential resource that equips you with the tools you need to overcome these hurdles and create robust, scalable applications.The book delves into design principles and patterns in Python, covering both classic and modern patterns, and apply them to solve daily challenges as a Python developer or architect.Co-authored by two Python experts with a combined experience of three decades, this new edition covers creational, structural, behavioral, and architectural patterns, including concurrency, asynchronous, and performance patterns. You'll find out how these patterns are relevant to various domains, such as event handling, concurrency, distributed systems, and testing. Whether you're working on user interfaces (UIs), web apps, APIs, data pipelines, or AI models, this book equips you with the knowledge to build robust and maintainable software. The book also presents Python anti-patterns, helping you avoid common pitfalls and ensuring your code remains clean and efficient.By the end of this book, you'll be able to confidently apply classic and modern Python design patterns to build robust, scalable applications.