Categories
Ebooks
-
Business and economy
- Bitcoin
- Businesswoman
- Coaching
- Controlling
- E-business
- Economy
- Finances
- Stocks and investments
- Personal competence
- Computer in the office
- Communication and negotiation
- Small company
- Marketing
- Motivation
- Multimedia trainings
- Real estate
- Persuasion and NLP
- Taxes
- Social policy
- Guides
- Presentations
- Leadership
- Public Relation
- Reports, analyses
- Secret
- Social Media
- Sales
- Start-up
- Your career
- Management
- Project management
- Human Resources
-
For children
-
For youth
-
Education
-
Encyclopedias, dictionaries
-
E-press
- Architektura i wnętrza
- Biznes i Ekonomia
- Home and garden
- E-business
- Finances
- Personal finance
- Business
- Photography
- Computer science
- HR & Payroll
- Computers, Excel
- Accounts
- Culture and literature
- Scientific and academic
- Environmental protection
- Opinion-forming
- Education
- Taxes
- Travelling
- Psychology
- Religion
- Agriculture
- Book and press market
- Transport and Spedition
- Healthand beauty
-
History
-
Computer science
- Office applications
- Data bases
- Bioinformatics
- IT business
- CAD/CAM
- Digital Lifestyle
- DTP
- Electronics
- Digital photography
- Computer graphics
- Games
- Hacking
- Hardware
- IT w ekonomii
- Scientific software package
- School textbooks
- Computer basics
- Programming
- Mobile programming
- Internet servers
- Computer networks
- Start-up
- Operational systems
- Artificial intelligence
- Technology for children
- Webmastering
-
Other
-
Foreign languages
-
Culture and art
-
School reading books
-
Literature
- Antology
- Ballade
- Biographies and autobiographies
- For adults
- Dramas
- Diaries, memoirs, letters
- Epic, epopee
- Essay
- Fantasy and science fiction
- Feuilletons
- Work of fiction
- Humour and satire
- Other
- Classical
- Crime fiction
- Non-fiction
- Fiction
- Mity i legendy
- Nobelists
- Novellas
- Moral
- Okultyzm i magia
- Short stories
- Memoirs
- Travelling
- Narrative poetry
- Poetry
- Politics
- Popular science
- Novel
- Historical novel
- Prose
- Adventure
- Journalism, publicism
- Reportage novels
- Romans i literatura obyczajowa
- Sensational
- Thriller, Horror
- Interviews and memoirs
-
Natural sciences
-
Social sciences
-
School textbooks
-
Popular science and academic
- Archeology
- Bibliotekoznawstwo
- Cinema studies
- Philology
- Polish philology
- Philosophy
- Finanse i bankowość
- Geography
- Economy
- Trade. World economy
- History and archeology
- History of art and architecture
- Cultural studies
- Linguistics
- Literary studies
- Logistics
- Maths
- Medicine
- Humanities
- Pedagogy
- Educational aids
- Popular science
- Other
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Theatre studies
- Theology
- Economic theories and teachings
- Transport i spedycja
- Physical education
- Zarządzanie i marketing
-
Guides
-
Game guides
-
Professional and specialist guides
-
Law
- Health and Safety
- History
- Road Code. Driving license
- Law studies
- Healthcare
- General. Compendium of knowledge
- Academic textbooks
- Other
- Construction and local law
- Civil law
- Financial law
- Economic law
- Economic and trade law
- Criminal law
- Criminal law. Criminal offenses. Criminology
- International law
- International law
- Health care law
- Educational law
- Tax law
- Labor and social security law
- Public, constitutional and administrative law
- Family and Guardianship Code
- agricultural law
- Social law, labour law
- European Union law
- Industry
- Agricultural and environmental
- Dictionaries and encyclopedia
- Public procurement
- Management
-
Tourist guides and travel
- Africa
- Albums
- Southern America
- North and Central America
- Australia, New Zealand, Oceania
- Austria
- Asia
- Balkans
- Middle East
- Bulgary
- China
- Croatia
- The Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Egipt
- Estonia
- Europe
- France
- Mountains
- Greece
- Spain
- Holand
- Iceland
- Lithuania
- Latvia
- Mapy, Plany miast, Atlasy
- Mini travel guides
- Germany
- Norway
- Active travelling
- Poland
- Portugal
- Other
- Russia
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Switzerland
- Sweden
- World
- Turkey
- Ukraine
- Hungary
- Great Britain
- Italy
-
Psychology
- Philosophy of life
- Kompetencje psychospołeczne
- Interpersonal communication
- Mindfulness
- General
- Persuasion and NLP
- Academic psychology
- Psychology of soul and mind
- Work psychology
- Relacje i związki
- Parenting and children psychology
- Problem solving
- Intellectual growth
- Secret
- Sexapeal
- Seduction
- Appearance and image
- Philosophy of life
-
Religion
-
Sport, fitness, diets
-
Technology and mechanics
Audiobooks
-
Business and economy
- Bitcoin
- Businesswoman
- Coaching
- Controlling
- E-business
- Economy
- Finances
- Stocks and investments
- Personal competence
- Communication and negotiation
- Small company
- Marketing
- Motivation
- Real estate
- Persuasion and NLP
- Taxes
- Guides
- Presentations
- Leadership
- Public Relation
- Secret
- Social Media
- Sales
- Start-up
- Your career
- Management
- Project management
- Human Resources
-
For children
-
For youth
-
Education
-
Encyclopedias, dictionaries
-
History
-
Computer science
-
Other
-
Foreign languages
-
Culture and art
-
School reading books
-
Literature
- Antology
- Ballade
- Biographies and autobiographies
- For adults
- Dramas
- Diaries, memoirs, letters
- Epic, epopee
- Essay
- Fantasy and science fiction
- Feuilletons
- Work of fiction
- Humour and satire
- Other
- Classical
- Crime fiction
- Non-fiction
- Fiction
- Mity i legendy
- Nobelists
- Novellas
- Moral
- Okultyzm i magia
- Short stories
- Memoirs
- Travelling
- Poetry
- Politics
- Popular science
- Novel
- Historical novel
- Prose
- Adventure
- Journalism, publicism
- Reportage novels
- Romans i literatura obyczajowa
- Sensational
- Thriller, Horror
- Interviews and memoirs
-
Natural sciences
-
Social sciences
-
Popular science and academic
-
Guides
-
Professional and specialist guides
-
Law
-
Tourist guides and travel
-
Psychology
- Philosophy of life
- Interpersonal communication
- Mindfulness
- General
- Persuasion and NLP
- Academic psychology
- Psychology of soul and mind
- Work psychology
- Relacje i związki
- Parenting and children psychology
- Problem solving
- Intellectual growth
- Secret
- Sexapeal
- Seduction
- Appearance and image
- Philosophy of life
-
Religion
-
Sport, fitness, diets
-
Technology and mechanics
Videocourses
-
Data bases
-
Big Data
-
Biznes, ekonomia i marketing
-
Cybersecurity
-
Data Science
-
DevOps
-
For children
-
Electronics
-
Graphics/Video/CAX
-
Games
-
Microsoft Office
-
Development tools
-
Programming
-
Personal growth
-
Computer networks
-
Operational systems
-
Software testing
-
Mobile devices
-
UX/UI
-
Web development
-
Management
Podcasts
- Ebooks
- Education
- Scientific and academic
- TERMODYNAMIKA TECHNICZNA. CZĘŚĆ 1
E-book details
Książka skierowana jest głównie do studentów kierunku mechanika i budowa maszyn, ze specjalnością eksploatacja siłowni okrętowych i mechatronika oraz czytelników, którzy chcieliby wzbogacić wiedzę na temat termodynamiki technicznej, a także zrozumieć istotę efektywnego wykorzystywania energii w życiu.
WYKAZ WAŻNIEJSZYCH OZNACZEŃ...................................................................................................5
PRZEDMOWA .........................................................................................................................................7
WSTĘP .................................................................................................................................................. 11
1. PODSTAWOWE POJĘCIA I DEFINICJE STOSOWANE W TERMODYNAMICE ............................. 15
1.1. Energia ............................................................................................................................................ 15
1.2. Materia, substancja, pierwiastek chemiczny i atom ........................................................................ 17
1.3. Układ termodynamiczny .................................................................................................................. 20
1.4. Stan termodynamiczny, parametry i funkcje stanu .......................................................................... 22
1.5. Równowaga termodynamiczna ....................................................................................................... 24
1.6. Przemiana termodynamiczna........................................................................................................... 26
Zagadnienia i pytania sprawdzające ....................................................................................................... 29
2. WIELKOŚCI FIZYCZNE I JEDNOSTKI MIAR STOSOWANE W TERMODYNAMICE
TECHNICZNEJ ....................................................................................................................................... 31
2.1. Układy i oznaczenia jednostek miar ................................................................................................. 31
2.2. Wielkości fizyczne stosowane w termodynamice technicznej .......................................................... 40
2.2.1. Energia, praca i ciepło ................................................................................................................... 40
2.2.2. Ilość substancji ............................................................................................................................... 41
2.2.3. Objętość właściwa, gęstość i ciężar właściwy ................................................................................ 43
2.2.4. Ciśnienie ......................................................................................................................................... 44
2.2.4.1. Ciśnienie bezwzględne i ciśnienie manometryczne...................................................................... 46
2.2.4.2. Ciśnienie statyczne, dynamiczne i całkowite ................................................................................ 49
2.2.5. Temperatura ..................................................................................................................................... 50
2.2.6. Moc .................................................................................................................................................. 52
2.2.7. Strumień czynnika ............................................................................................................................ 52
Zagadnienia i pytania sprawdzające .......................................................................................................... 53
3. ZASADA ZACHOWANIA ILOŚCI SUBSTANCJI .................................................................................... 55
Zagadnienia i pytania sprawdzające .......................................................................................................... 59
4. BILANSOWANIE ENERGII ..................................................................................................................... 61
4.1. Zasada zachowania energii ................................................................................................................. 61
4.2. Równanie bilansu energii .................................................................................................................... 62
4.3. Energia układu termodynamicznego ................................................................................................... 66
4.4. Energia wewnętrzna ............................................................................................................................ 70
4.4.1. Energia wewnętrzna ciał stałych i cieczy .......................................................................................... 72
4.4.2. Energia wewnętrzna gazów............................................................................................................... 73
4.5. Ciepło ................................................................................................................................................... 75
4.5.1. Ciepło właściwe ciał stałych i cieczy ................................................................................................. 78
4.5.2. Ciepło właściwe gazów ..................................................................................................................... 79
4.6. Praca .................................................................................................................................................... 82
4.6.1. Praca bezwzględna ........................................................................................................................... 85
4.6.2. Praca użyteczna ................................................................................................................................ 88
4.6.3. Praca techniczna................................................................................................................................ 89
4.6.4. Praca wykresowa, wewnętrzna i efektywna ...................................................................................... 93
4.7. Entalpia − energia doprowadzona ze strumieniem czynnika substancji .............................................. 100
4.8. Sprawność energetyczna ..................................................................................................................... 102
4.9. Równania pierwszej zasady termodynamiki – szczególne przypadki bilansu
energii .......................................................................................................................................................... 103
4.9.1. Równanie pierwszej zasady termodynamiki dla układu zamkniętego ............................................... 103
4.9.2. Równanie pierwszej zasady termodynamiki dla układu otwartego .................................................... 105
Zagadnienia i pytania sprawdzające ............................................................................................................ 108
5. DRUGA ZASADA TERMODYNAMIKI ...................................................................................................... 109
5.1. Odwracalność i nieodwracalność procesów (przemian) ....................................................................... 109
5.2. Sformułowania drugiej zasady termodynamiki ...................................................................................... 111
5.3. Entropia.................................................................................................................................................. 113
5.4. Zasada wzrostu entropii ........................................................................................................................ 116
5.5. Egzergia ................................................................................................................................................ 116
Zagadnienia i pytania sprawdzające ............................................................................................................ 120
6. WŁAŚCIWOŚCI GAZÓW ......................................................................................................................... 121
6.1. Modele gazów ........................................................................................................................................ 121
6.2. Prawa gazów doskonałych ..................................................................................................................... 123
6.3. Mieszaniny gazów doskonałych i półdoskonałych .................................................................................. 127
6.3.1. Udziały składników w mieszaninie ....................................................................................................... 129
6.3.2. Związki między udziałami składników w mieszaninie .......................................................................... 130
6.3.3. Wyznaczanie wielkości zastępczych dla mieszaniny .......................................................................... 132
6.3.4. Powietrze jako mieszanina gazów ....................................................................................................... 134
6.4. Energia wewnętrzna, entalpia i entropia gazów oraz cieczy i ciał stałych ............................................... 135
6.4.1. Związek między ciepłami właściwymi ................................................................................................... 135
6.4.2. Energia wewnętrzna ............................................................................................................................. 136
6.4.3. Entalpia ................................................................................................................................................. 137
6.4.4. Entropia ................................................................................................................................................. 138
Zagadnienia i pytania sprawdzające ............................................................................................................... 142
7. PRZEMIANY GAZÓW DOSKONAŁYCH I PÓŁDOSKONAŁYCH .............................................................. 143
7.1. Przemiany izobaryczne............................................................................................................................. 145
7.2. Przemiany izochoryczne .......................................................................................................................... 146
7.3. Przemiany izotermiczne ........................................................................................................................... 148
7.4. Przemiany adiabatyczne .......................................................................................................................... 151
7.4.1. Przemiany adiabatyczne odwracalne − izentropowe ............................................................................ 152
7.4.2. Przemiany adiabatyczne nieodwracalne ............................................................................................... 157
7.5. Przemiany politropowe ............................................................................................................................. 162
Zagadnienia i pytania sprawdzające ................................................................................................................ 173
LITERATURA .................................................................................................................................................... 175
ZAŁĄCZNIK. TABLICE TERMODYNAMICZNYCH WŁAŚCIWOŚCI CIAŁ STAŁYCH,
CIECZY I GAZÓW ............................................................................................................................................. 177
- Title: TERMODYNAMIKA TECHNICZNA. CZĘŚĆ 1
- Author: Bogdan Pojawa
- ISBN: 978-83-966280-5-3, 9788396628053
- Date of issue: 2023-12-21
- Format: Ebook
- Item ID: e_3r9y
- Publisher: Akademia Marynarki Wojennej